Handbook on sanitation by George Moses Price

Author:George Moses Price
Language: eng
Format: epub, pdf
Publisher: Wiley

The Manufacture of Soap.—Soap is manufactured from fat and alkalies. It may become a nuisance: (1) On account of the large quantity of fat, tallow, and fat animal residue which are collected from all animal waste matter, and which are, by the time they reach the soap factory, in a decomposing state. (2) By the processes inherent in fat rendering. (3) By the odors arising from the huge vats and tanks where the fat is being boiled with the alkaline lye. The prevention of the first nuisance is accomplished by insisting that only fat in a fresh state shall be allowed in the soap factories. The means of preventing fat-melting and rendering from becoming a nuisance have already been described. The nuisances caused by the odors arising from the boiling tanks can be prevented by fitting these with covers and conducting the vapors either outside through a tall chimney, or, as in fatrendering, through proper condensers.

Glycerin.—When the fatty acids of the fats in soap manufacture combine with the alkalies, the base left is a residue in the form of glycerin, which, before being fitted for the market, must be refined several times. During this process sweetish unpleasant odors are given off, which can be prevented by the same means as those which are used in treating odors from fat rendering.

Glue-making.—All kinds of animal waste matter, hoofs, horns, skin scraps, leather scraps, etc., are used for the extraction of glue. As in the other processes employed for the utilization of all animal waste matter, the nuisance comes from the decomposing material, from the odors given out during boiling, etc., and from the offensive residue or "scratch." The remedies are the same as in other kindred processes.

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